See the character set of Schema, Table, and Column in MySQL

1. For Schemas:

SELECT
	default_character_set_name
FROM
	information_schema.SCHEMATA
WHERE
	schema_name = 'schema_name';

2. For Tables:

SELECT
	CCSA.character_set_name
FROM
	information_schema. `TABLES` T,
	information_schema. `COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY` CCSA
WHERE
	CCSA.collation_name = T.table_collation
	AND T.table_schema = 'schema_name'
	AND T.table_name = 'table_name';

3. For Columns:

SELECT
	character_set_name
FROM
	information_schema. `COLUMNS`
WHERE
	table_schema = 'schema_name'
	AND table_name = 'table_name'
	AND column_name = 'column_name';

Or you can choose to show all properties of columns:

SHOW
	FULL COLUMNS
FROM
	'table_name';

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