String Datatypes

Data Type Max size
CHAR(size) 255 characters.
VARCHAR(size) 255 characters.
TINYTEXT(size) 255 characters.
TEXT(size) 65,535 characters.
MEDIUMTEXT(size) 16,777,215 characters.
LONGTEXT(size) 4GB or 4,294,967,295 characters.
BINARY(size) 255 characters.
VARBINARY(size) 255 characters.

Numeric Datatypes

Data type Description Storage
bit Integer that can be 0, 1, or NULL  
tinyint Allows whole numbers from 0 to 255 1 byte
smallint Allows whole numbers between -32,768 and 32,767 2 bytes
int Allows whole numbers between -2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647 4 bytes
bigint Allows whole numbers between -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 and 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 8 bytes
decimal(p,s) Unpacked fixed-point number. 5-17 bytes
numeric(p,s) Unpacked fixed-point number. 5-17 bytes
smallmoney Monetary data from -214,748.3648 to 214,748.3647 4 bytes
money Monetary data from -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to 922,337,203,685,477.5807 8 bytes
float(n) Floating point number. 4 or 8 bytes
real Floating precision number data from -3.40E + 38 to 3.40E + 38 4 bytes

Date datatypes

Data type Description Storage
datetime From January 1, 1753 to December 31, 9999 with an accuracy of 3.33 milliseconds 8 bytes
datetime2 From January 1, 0001 to December 31, 9999 with an accuracy of 100 nanoseconds 6-8 bytes
smalldatetime From January 1, 1900 to June 6, 2079 with an accuracy of 1 minute 4 bytes
date Store a date only. From January 1, 0001 to December 31, 9999 3 bytes
time Store a time only to an accuracy of 100 nanoseconds 3-5 bytes
datetimeoffset The same as datetime2 with the addition of a time zone offset 8-10 bytes
timestamp Stores a unique number that gets updated every time a row gets created or modified. The timestamp value is based upon an internal clock and does not correspond to real time. Each table may have only one timestamp variable  

Large Datatypes

Data type Description
sql_variant Stores up to 8,000 bytes of data of various data types, except text, ntext, and timestamp
uniqueidentifier Stores a globally unique identifier (GUID)
xml Stores XML formatted data. Maximum 2GB
cursor Stores a reference to a cursor used for database operations
table Stores a result-set for later processing

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